Overview:

 As the primary elements of national power and influence, Defense, Development, and Diplomacy (3D) provide the foundation for promoting national security interests abroad. In the United States, 3D efforts are led respectively by the Department of Defense, the U.S. Agency for International Development and the Department of State. While these organizations share the National Security Strategy as their highest-level strategic guidance, they have distinct perspectives on the trends, challenges and opportunities facing the Indo-Pacific region.  Their responses to these conditions also vary, based on their distinct missions, authorities and organizational cultures.  Understanding and aligning these elements into a holistic vision is a prerequisite to advancing the U.S. strategic approach to the Indo-Pacific region.  

Objectives:  

• Understand the 3D roles of defense, diplomacy and development to advancing U.S. strategic objectives in the Indo-Pacific region.
• Evaluate trends, opportunities, & challenges in advancing U.S. objectives through the lenses of defense, development and diplomacy.

Speaker's Bios:

Email:  gumataotaop@apcss.org
Director Gumataotao's Bio

Dr. W. Brent Christensen joined the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies (APCSS) in ​September 2021.  This is the second time he has served in this role at APCSS, where he served previously 2015-17. Dr. Christensen has been in the U.S. Foreign Service for over 30 years and most recently served as the Director of the ​American Institute in Taiwan 2018-21.  He was Deputy Director of the American Institute in Taiwan 2012-15.  Prior to that, he was Director of the State Department’s Office of Taiwan Coordination. He has served three assignments at the U.S. Embassy in Beijing, the most recent being Environment, Science, Technology, and Health Counselor.​ Dr. Christensen is a career member of the Senior Foreign Service and holds the personal rank of Minister-Counselor. ​He earned an M.A. in East Asian Studies from George Washington University, a B.A. in Chinese language and literature from Brigham Young University, and a DMD degree from the Oregon Health and Sciences University.  He has received a number of State Department awards, including the 2020 Charles E. Cobb Award for Initiative and ​Success in Trade Development. 

Email:  christensenw@apcss.org
Dr. W. Brent Christensen's bio

Lori Forman joined the Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies (DKI APCSS) in 2011, bringing a unique international background in corporate, government, academic and non-profit sectors.  An expert on international economic development and foreign aid, civil society and public-private partnerships, Dr. Forman earned a Ph.D. from the Faculty of Law, Keio University, and a Master in Public Policy from Harvard University.  Prior to joining APCSS Lori held senior corporate positions with Microsoft and Dubai Holding. In government she held senior positions including the U.S. Alternate Executive Director on the Board of Directors of the Asian Development Bank and Assistant Administrator for Asia and Near East of the US Agency for International Development.  Dr. Forman also served in the NGO sector for 11 years, as the Director of the Japan Program of The Nature Conservancy, one of the world’s largest environmental organizations.  Dr. Forman began her post-graduate career in Washington D.C., serving as the Senior Political Analyst for the White House pollster.

Email: formanl@apcss.org
Dr. Lori Forman's Bio

Resources:  

US Official Documents

• Interim U.S. National Security Strategy
• U.S. National Defense Strategy (2018)
• Asia Reassurance Initiative Act 2018

US Views on What Should be in the Next NDS

• From The Atlantic Council
• From the Center for New American Security
• From Brookings Institution
• From War on the Rocks

Non-US views on What Should be Part of the Next US Indo-Pacific Strategy

• Sasakawa Peace Foundation -- Biden’s Indo-Pacific Strategy:  Expectations and Challenges
• The Diplomat – Beyond Alliance Repair:  Biden Must Do More in the Indo-Pacific
• The United States Studies Centre – Correcting the Course:  How the Biden Administration Should Compete for Influence in the Indo-Pacific
• ISEAS – The Quad and the Indo-Pacific:  Going Slow to Go Further
• Lowy Institute – Biden’s Doughnut-Shaped Indo-Pacific Strategy
• German Marshall Fund – U.S.-Europe-India Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific

3D Approaches Outside the US

• Australian Strategic Policy Institute – Does Australia Need a UK-style Integrated Review?
• Government of the United Kingdom - Global Britain in a Competitive Age: the Integrated Review of Security, Defence, Development and Foreign Policy