In the late 1990s, Colombia was considered by many to be a failed state due to endemic crime, pervasive violence, and nationwide terrorism that resulted in the displacement of the rural population and, due to rampant kidnapping, emigration abroad by professionals and the upper classes. During this decade, the Colombian government had a presence and exercised sovereignty over only 50% of the national territory. Today, Colombia is widely considered a success story, with ex-President Juan Manuel Santos having won a Nobel Peace Prize in 2016 for successful negotiations with the main proponent of terrorism, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC).